Xanthosis is a noun that refers to a medical condition characterized by the abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and/or the whites of the eyes. This condition is primarily caused by an excess accumulation of a yellow pigment called bilirubin in the body due to certain disorders or diseases affecting the liver or the production of red blood cells.
Typically, xanthosis is associated with liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer, where impaired liver function leads to the inadequate breakdown of bilirubin. Consequently, bilirubin builds up in the bloodstream, causing the skin and other affected areas to turn yellow.
In addition to liver diseases, xanthosis can also be a symptom of other conditions like hemolytic anemia, where excessive destruction of red blood cells results in an increased production of bilirubin. Furthermore, certain inherited disorders, such as Gilbert's syndrome, can also contribute to xanthosis.
The yellow discoloration associated with xanthosis is generally a visual indication of an underlying medical problem. Therefore, thorough medical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment are necessary to address the root cause. Treatment options often revolve around managing the underlying condition effectively, aiming to reduce bilirubin levels and alleviate the symptoms of xanthosis.
It is important to note that xanthosis should not be confused with xanthoma, which refers to the development of fatty deposits beneath the skin. While both conditions may share similarities in terms of yellowish discoloration, they have distinct causes and characteristics.
