Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV) is a species-specific virus that primarily infects woodchucks (Marmota monax). It belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae, which also includes the human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). WHV is considered a valuable model for studying chronic Hepatitis B infection due to its similar replication and pathogenesis to HBV.
WHV is a small, enveloped DNA virus characterized by a circular genome consisting of partially double-stranded DNA. It primarily targets the liver, leading to chronic hepatitis with potential progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in woodchucks. Similar to HBV in humans, WHV infection can persist for several months to years, making it a relevant tool for studying the long-term effects of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
The transmission of WHV occurs through direct contact with infected woodchucks, primarily through bites and scratches. It can also be transmitted through vertical transmission from mother to offspring during birth. The virus replicates in hepatocytes, leading to liver inflammation, hepatocellular damage, and immune response activation.
WHV has been extensively used as a model for understanding HBV pathogenesis, exploring antiviral therapies, and developing vaccines. Studies on WHV have significantly contributed to our understanding of the natural history of chronic hepatitis and its complications, as well as the development of therapeutic interventions for HBV in humans.
The woodchuck Hepatitis Virus plays a critical role in advancing research in Hepatitis B and has contributed significantly to our understanding of the virus's life cycle, mechanisms of infection, and potential therapeutic strategies.
