VLDLR, short for very low-density lipoprotein receptor, is a protein that plays a significant role in lipid metabolism and the regulation of cholesterol levels in the human body. It is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family and is primarily expressed in tissues related to lipid metabolism, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle cells.
The main function of VLDLR is to facilitate the uptake of triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL). These lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol, triglycerides, and other lipids in the bloodstream. VLDLR acts as a receptor for the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) found in these lipoproteins.
By binding to ApoE, the VLDLR receptor enables the internalization of VLDL and IDL particles into cells, particularly hepatocytes (liver cells) and adipocytes (fat cells). Once internalized, these particles are further metabolized, leading to the breakdown and release of cholesterol and triglycerides.
Mutations in the VLDLR gene have been linked to various disorders, including VLDL receptor-associated diseases like autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia and VLDLR-associated cerebellar hypoplasia. These conditions can affect lipid metabolism, leading to abnormal cholesterol levels, impaired fat absorption, and neurological abnormalities.
Overall, VLDLR is an essential protein involved in regulating lipid transport and maintaining cholesterol homeostasis, thus playing a crucial role in overall human health.
