VALENCY BONDS Meaning and
Definition
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Valency bonds refer to the chemical bonds that are formed when atoms share electrons in order to complete their outer electron shell. The valency bond theory, also known as the electron-pair bond theory, is a fundamental concept in chemistry that explains the formation and nature of these bonds.
In valency bonding, atoms combine by sharing one or more pairs of electrons, which are usually donated by the outermost or valence shell of each atom. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, resembling the noble gases. The electrons shared in the bond are represented as a line between the connected atoms.
Valency bonding can occur between atoms of the same element or different elements. The number of electrons that an atom can share to form valency bonds is determined by its valence, which is the number of electrons required to complete its outer shell. This valence can be positive or negative, indicating the number of electrons that an atom donates or accepts in the bonding process.
The strength of a valency bond is determined by several factors, including the number of shared electrons and the distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms. In general, the more electron pairs shared, the stronger the bond.
Valency bonds are essential in the formation of many chemical compounds, as they dictate the properties and behavior of these substances. By understanding the concept of valency bonds, scientists can predict and explain the structures and reactions of various molecules, enabling advancements in fields such as materials science, pharmaceuticals, and environmental chemistry.
Etymology of VALENCY BONDS
The etymology of the term "valency bonds" can be understood by analyzing the origins of each component separately.
1. Valency: The word "valency" originates from the Latin word "valentia", which means "power" or "capacity". It was derived from the Latin verb "valere", which means "to be strong" or "to be worth". In chemistry, valency refers to the combining capacity of an atom or molecule, indicating the number of bonds it can form.
2. Bonds: The word "bonds" is derived from the Middle English word "bond", which means a chain, strap, or rope used to restrain someone or something. It can be traced back to the Old English word "bond", which had a similar meaning. In chemistry, the term "bond" refers to the force of attraction between atoms that enables them to combine and form molecules.
