Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis, also known as SBE, is a medically recognized condition that involves inflammation and infection of the inner lining of the heart valves or the endocardium. It is a type of endocarditis that typically develops gradually over a period of weeks to months.
This condition occurs when bacteria enters the bloodstream and attaches to damaged or abnormal heart valves, leading to the formation of small clumps called vegetations. These vegetations provide a favorable environment for bacterial growth. The most common bacteria causing subacute bacterial endocarditis are members of the Streptococcus viridans group, although other bacteria such as Staphylococci and Enterococci can be involved as well.
The symptoms of subacute bacterial endocarditis can vary and are often nonspecific, making it challenging to diagnose. Patients may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, fever, chills, joint pain, and a persistent, low-grade fever.
If left untreated, subacute bacterial endocarditis can lead to serious complications, including heart valve damage, heart failure, stroke, and the development of abscesses in various organs.
Diagnosis of SBE typically involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies like echocardiography. Treatment usually involves administration of intravenous antibiotics for a prolonged duration, often for several weeks. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Early recognition, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing subacute bacterial endocarditis, as it can be life-threatening if left untreated.
