Spinal extradural abscess refers to a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in the space between the spinal cord's outer covering (called the dura mater) and the bones of the spine (vertebrae). It is an uncommon but serious infection that can result in the compression and damage of the spinal cord and its surrounding nerves.
Typically caused by bacteria, spinal extradural abscess usually starts as an infection in another part of the body, such as the skin, bones, or urinary tract. The infection then spreads through the bloodstream, reaching the spinal canal and causing inflammation, pus formation, and subsequent abscess formation.
Symptoms of spinal extradural abscess may include severe localized back pain, along with fever, weakness, difficulty walking, and sensory or motor disturbances in the limbs. If left untreated, the abscess can continue to grow, leading to paralysis, permanent nerve damage, or even life-threatening complications such as meningitis.
The diagnosis of a spinal extradural abscess typically involves a physical examination, medical history assessment, imaging tests (such as magnetic resonance imaging - MRI), blood tests, and possibly a sample of the abscess fluid for culture and analysis. Prompt and aggressive treatment is crucial in managing this condition and often involves surgical drainage of the abscess, along with a course of intravenous antibiotics to eliminate the infection.
Overall, spinal extradural abscess is a serious infectious condition affecting the spinal canal that requires immediate medical attention to prevent further complications and ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
