Spinal Autonomic Dysreflexia (SAD) is a medical condition that occurs in individuals with a spinal cord injury at or above the T6 level. It is characterized by an abnormal and exaggerated response of the autonomic nervous system to a noxious stimulus below the level of injury.
When a noxious stimulus, such as a bladder infection, bladder distention, pressure ulcers, or other painful conditions, occurs below the level of the spinal cord injury, it triggers a reflex response. Normally, this response is regulated by the brain, which sends signals to balance and control the autonomic response. However, in individuals with SAD, the signals cannot reach the brain due to the spinal cord injury, leading to an uncontrolled and exaggerated response from the autonomic nervous system.
Symptoms of SAD include a sudden increase in blood pressure, severe headache, flushing or sweating above the level of the spinal cord injury, goosebumps, nasal congestion, and anxiety. If not promptly treated, it can progress to more severe symptoms such as seizures, stroke, or even death.
Management of SAD involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, such as relieving a full bladder, emptying bowel, or removing pressure on the skin. Medications, such as alpha-blockers or antihypertensive agents, may also be prescribed to control blood pressure. Immediate medical attention should be sought to prevent complications and for proper management of SAD.
Overall, spinal autonomic dysreflexia is a potentially serious medical condition that requires prompt recognition and intervention to prevent further health complications in individuals with spinal cord injuries.
