Sodium dependent neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs) are a group of membrane proteins that play a crucial role in the transportation of neutral amino acids across cell membranes. These transporters are primarily found in the cells of the small intestine, kidney, liver, and brain, where they are responsible for the uptake of amino acids from the bloodstream into the cells.
SNATs are named as such because their activity is dependent on the presence of sodium ions in the extracellular environment. They utilize the electrochemical gradient of sodium to drive the transport of neutral amino acids against their concentration gradient into the cells. This process is known as secondary active transport.
The main function of SNATs is to provide cells with a continuous supply of amino acids, which are essential building blocks for the synthesis of proteins and other biomolecules. By transporting amino acids into the cells, SNATs play a vital role in regulating protein synthesis, cell growth, and metabolism.
SNATs are also involved in the transport of certain neurotransmitters, such as glutamine and glycine, across neuronal membranes. This activity is important for maintaining proper neurotransmitter levels in the brain and ensuring normal brain function.
Overall, sodium dependent neutral amino acid transporters are integral components of cellular physiology, ensuring the efficient uptake of amino acids and neurotransmitters into cells, and playing a crucial role in various physiological processes, including protein synthesis and neurotransmission.
