Serum calcium level refers to the concentration of calcium in the blood serum, which is the clear, liquid portion of blood after it has clotted and the formed elements (such as red and white blood cells) have been removed. Calcium is an essential mineral in the human body, playing a vital role in numerous physiological processes, including proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and the cardiovascular system, as well as for maintaining bone health.
The serum calcium level is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L) and is typically obtained through a blood test called a serum calcium test. This test measures the total amount of calcium present in the blood, which is a combination of both bound (protein-bound) and unbound (free or ionized) calcium.
Normal serum calcium levels typically range from 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL or 2.2 to 2.7 mmol/L. Deviations from this range can indicate certain medical conditions or imbalances in the body. Low levels of serum calcium, known as hypocalcemia, can manifest with symptoms like muscle cramps, numbness or tingling in the extremities, and an irregular heartbeat. Conversely, high levels of serum calcium, known as hypercalcemia, can result in symptoms such as fatigue, excessive thirst, frequent urination, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Monitoring serum calcium levels is important for diagnosing and managing various medical conditions, including disorders of the parathyroid gland, kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, bone disorders, and certain types of cancers. Treatment for abnormal serum calcium levels depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, dietary adjustments, or other interventions.
