Rel oncogene proteins are a group of cellular proteins that play a key role in regulating various cellular processes, particularly those involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. The term "Rel" stands for "reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog," which refers to a family of oncogenes first discovered in the reticuloendotheliosis virus. These oncogenes were later found to be conserved in humans and are now collectively referred to as the Rel oncogenes.
Rel oncogene proteins belong to the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors. They act as important signaling molecules that can regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Rel proteins are typically activated in response to diverse stimuli, such as oxidative stress, cytokines, or viral infections, and ultimately lead to the activation of downstream target genes involved in inflammation, immune responses, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.
Aberrant activation or dysregulation of Rel proteins has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, constitutive activation of Rel proteins has been observed in many types of cancer, where they promote tumor growth, survival, invasion, and resistance to therapy.
In summary, Rel oncogene proteins are a subclass of transcription factors that play a crucial role in cellular processes by regulating gene expression. Their dysregulation can have significant implications in the development and progression of various diseases.
