Primate immunodeficiency viruses (PIVs) are a group of retroviruses that infect the immune system of various primates. These viruses are classified under the family Retroviridae and subfamily Orthoretrovirinae. PIVs are primarily known for causing immunodeficiency diseases similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in non-human primates.
These viruses have been identified in various primate species, including chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, and other non-human primates. PIVs are characterized by their ability to target and infect CD4+ T cells, which play a vital role in the function and regulation of the immune system.
Upon infection, PIVs replicate within the host cells, leading to a depletion of CD4+ T cells, resulting in a weakened immune system. This immunodeficiency state makes the infected primates more susceptible to opportunistic infections and increases the risk of developing severe diseases.
The genetic diversity of PIVs is vast, with several distinct strains and subtypes identified across different primate populations. These viruses have been extensively studied to understand the transmission dynamics, disease progression, and potential zoonotic risks they pose to humans.
Primate immunodeficiency viruses have served as valuable models for studying the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS in humans. Research on PIVs has contributed to our understanding of viral evolution, immune response mechanisms, and the development of antiretroviral therapies.
