PARATHYROID GLAND Meaning and
Definition
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The parathyroid gland is a small endocrine gland located in the neck, behind the thyroid gland. It consists of four small, oval-shaped structures, two on each side of the thyroid gland. The primary function of the parathyroid gland is to produce and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), a crucial regulator of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body.
Parathyroid hormone helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and plays a vital role in maintaining bone density and strength. It acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines, influencing calcium absorption, resorption, and excretion.
When blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid glands release PTH into the bloodstream. PTH then stimulates the release of calcium from bones, increases its reabsorption by the kidneys, and enhances absorption of calcium from the intestines. This mechanism ensures optimal levels of calcium for various bodily functions.
Conversely, when blood calcium levels are high, the parathyroid glands reduce PTH secretion, leading to decreased calcium release from bones, increased excretion by the kidneys, and decreased absorption from the intestines.
Dysfunction of the parathyroid glands can lead to various disorders, such as hypoparathyroidism (insufficient PTH production) or hyperparathyroidism (excessive PTH production). These conditions disrupt the balance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body, causing various symptoms and potentially impacting bone health.
Common Misspellings for PARATHYROID GLAND
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Etymology of PARATHYROID GLAND
The word "parathyroid" is derived from two Greek roots: "para", which means beside or near, and "thyreos", which means shield, referring to the thyroid gland. Therefore, "parathyroid" literally means "beside the thyroid". The term was coined by the English physician and surgeon Sir Richard Owen in the mid-19th century as he identified these small glands adjacent to the thyroid.
Similar spelling word for PARATHYROID GLAND
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