Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a type of rodent-borne, zoonotic virus belonging to the family Arenaviridae. It is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents, including house mice and hamsters, or their urine, feces, saliva, or nesting materials. In rare cases, LCMV can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, resulting in congenital infections.
Upon entry into the human body, LCMV targets various organs such as the central nervous system, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. The virus primarily infects and replicates within certain white blood cells called lymphocytes, hence the name lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.
Infection with LCMV can lead to a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic or mild flu-like symptoms to more severe conditions such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes. In some cases, neurological manifestations like seizures, paralysis, or coma may occur.
Diagnosis of LCMV infection is commonly done through laboratory testing, which may involve detecting virus-specific antibodies or isolating the virus from biological specimens. There is no specific antiviral treatment available for LCMV, and management usually involves supportive care to alleviate symptoms and complications.
Preventive measures for LCMV include practicing good hygiene, such as thorough handwashing, avoiding direct contact with rodents, and ensuring proper rodent control in and around living areas. Pregnant women are particularly advised to avoid contact with rodents to prevent congenital infection.
