Luteinising hormone-releasing factor (LHRF), also known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is a neuropeptide hormone primarily involved in the regulation of reproductive processes in animals. It is produced and released by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain.
LHRF acts on the pituitary gland, specifically on the gonadotropes, specialized cells within the anterior pituitary. Upon stimulation, these cells release luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are key regulators of the male and female reproductive systems. In females, LH promotes ovulation and supports the development of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. FSH, on the other hand, stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.
The release of LHRF is regulated by a complex system of feedback mechanisms involving sex steroid hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone. These hormones can inhibit or stimulate LHRF secretion, depending on the specific conditions.
LHRF also plays a crucial role in the regulation of reproductive behavior and sexual maturation. It affects the production of sex steroids, helps coordinate the timing of puberty onset, and plays a key role in the control of mating and courtship behaviors.
LHRF is commonly studied in the context of reproductive disorders and is also utilized in medical treatments related to reproductive health, such as assisted reproductive technologies and hormone therapy.
