GUNTHER DISEASE Meaning and
Definition
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Gunther disease, also known as congenital erythropoietic porphyria, is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase (UROS). This enzyme plays a crucial role in the synthesis of heme, a vital component of red blood cells. The lack of functional UROS results in the accumulation of toxic substances called porphyrins, mainly uroporphyrin III, throughout the body.
The excess porphyrins lead to a variety of symptoms, including extreme sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity), blistering or burning of the skin upon sun exposure, scarring, and disfigurement of the face and hands. Additionally, individuals affected by Gunther disease may suffer from hemolytic anemia due to the destruction of red blood cells in the spleen, leading to fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, and rapid heart rate.
Gunther disease is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning an individual must inherit two abnormal UROS genes (one from each parent) to develop the disease. Symptoms often manifest during infancy or early childhood and can vary in severity, with some individuals experiencing milder symptoms or even being asymptomatic carriers of the gene mutation.
Management of Gunther disease involves strict avoidance of sunlight and protection from UV light using protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreens. Regular blood transfusions may be necessary to treat anemia. Some individuals may also benefit from bone marrow transplantation, which can potentially restore normal UROS enzyme activity and provide relief from symptoms. Genetic counseling is recommended for affected individuals and their families to understand the risks and implications of having Gunther disease.
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Etymology of GUNTHER DISEASE
The term "Gunther Disease" refers to a rare hereditary condition called "Erythropoietic Protoporphyria" (EPP), which primarily affects the skin. It is not named after an individual named Gunther, but rather after the German physician Hans Gunther. Dr. Gunther first described the disease in 1904, documenting its symptoms and characteristics. Consequently, the condition came to be known as "Gunther Disease" in tribute to his contribution to its understanding.
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