Granular Cell Tumors, also known as Abrikossoff tumors or granular cell myoblastomas, are rare soft tissue tumors that typically arise in various organs and tissues throughout the body. These tumors are characterized by the presence of distinctive granular cells, which are large, polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. Granular Cell Tumors can occur in both males and females and may develop at any age, although they are most commonly diagnosed in adults between the ages of 30 and 60.
Histologically, these tumors usually appear as well-demarcated, non-encapsulated masses with a nodular or multinodular growth pattern. They are composed of granular cells arranged in nests or cords, sometimes separated by collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemical staining often reveals that the granular cells are positive for S100 protein, supporting their neural origin.
Granular Cell Tumors can occur in a wide range of sites, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and various other organs. Although most granular cell tumors are benign, they can rarely display malignant behavior, leading to local recurrence or metastasis.
Common symptoms associated with these tumors include painless, subcutaneous nodules or masses that are typically slow-growing. While the exact etiology of granular cell tumors remains unclear, various theories suggest possible origins from Schwann cells, immunologic reactions, smooth muscle cells, or histiocytic derivatives.
Treatment options for Granular Cell Tumors generally involve surgical excision, which is usually curative for benign cases. However, in cases of malignant transformation or metastasis, additional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy may be necessary. Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor for any signs of recurrence
