GABA B receptor refers to a type of receptor protein found in the central nervous system (CNS) that specifically binds to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This receptor is classified as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which means it interacts with intracellular G proteins to initiate signaling cascades upon GABA binding.
The GABA B receptor is primarily located presynaptically, found in the terminals of neurons that release GABA as a neurotransmitter. It plays a crucial role in modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CNS. Activation of the GABA B receptor leads to a series of downstream events that results in the inhibition of neuronal activity.
The GABA B receptor is made up of two subunits, referred to as GABA B1 and GABA B2. GABA B1 serves as the ligand-binding domain, responsible for GABA recognition and binding, while GABA B2 is involved in receptor signaling and modulation.
The activation of the GABA B receptor has various physiological effects, including reducing neurotransmitter release, dampening excitability of neurons, and causing muscle relaxation. These properties make the GABA B receptor an important therapeutic target for various neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, anxiety, and spasticity.
In summary, the GABA B receptor is a receptor protein in the CNS that binds to GABA and regulates inhibitory synaptic transmission. It is composed of two subunits and plays a crucial role in modulating neuronal activity and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the brain.
