FGM stands for female genital mutilation, also known as female genital cutting or female circumcision. It refers to the deliberate and harmful practice involving the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
FGM encompasses various procedures, ranging from the removal of the clitoral hood to the excision of the clitoris or even the sewn closure of the vaginal opening. It is typically carried out on young girls between infancy and adolescence, and is often performed by traditional practitioners, without the presence of medical professionals and in unsterile conditions.
This deeply rooted cultural and societal phenomenon is prevalent in many parts of Africa, the Middle East, and even some communities in Asia. It is primarily motivated by social, cultural, and misguided religious beliefs, aiming to control female sexuality, preserve chastity, and secure marriage prospects. However, FGM is a severe violation of human rights, as it causes immense physical and psychological harm, leading to lifelong medical complications, pain, infection, and even death.
Efforts are being made globally to eradicate FGM through legislation, education, and awareness campaigns. International organizations, governments, and civil society organizations are working to promote gender equality, empower women, and ensure the protection and well-being of girls and women from this harmful practice.
