Female Genital Tuberculosis (FGTB) refers to the presence of tuberculosis (TB) infection within the female genital tract. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and although it most commonly affects the lungs, it can also infect other parts of the body, including the female genital tract.
FGTB occurs when the infection spreads via the lymphatic or the bloodstream to the genital organs, including the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, ovaries, and vagina. It can also affect structures adjacent to the reproductive organs, such as the peritoneum or the abdominal lymph nodes.
The symptoms of FGTB may vary depending on the site and severity of the infection. Common symptoms include irregular or abnormal menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, infertility, and recurrent miscarriages. However, FGTB can present with nonspecific or no symptoms at all.
FGTB is usually diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, microbiological tests, imaging studies, and histopathological examinations. Treatment involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis medications for a prolonged period, usually six to nine months. Surgical intervention may be required in cases of severe damage or complications.
FGTB poses significant health risks, as it can lead to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancies, or obstetric complications. It can also cause significant emotional distress for affected individuals and their families.
Prevention of FGTB includes early detection and treatment of pulmonary TB cases, as well as good hygiene practices and the use of proper protective measures in healthcare settings.
