Felty syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease that primarily affects adults, characterized by the combination of three main features: rheumatoid arthritis, an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), and a low white blood cell count (neutropenia). The term "Felty syndrome" is named after physician Augustus Roi Felty, who first described the condition in the 1920s.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the joints, leading to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. In Felty syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis is often severe and resistant to treatment. Splenomegaly, the enlargement of the spleen, is a common feature of Felty syndrome and is thought to contribute to low circulating white blood cells. Neutropenia, a reduction in the number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell), predisposes individuals to infections.
Felty syndrome is an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body. The exact cause of the syndrome is unknown, but genetic factors, environmental triggers, and an abnormal immune response are believed to play a role.
Treatment for Felty syndrome focuses on managing the symptoms, reducing inflammation, and preventing infections. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and immunosuppressive agents may be prescribed. In severe cases, medications to stimulate white blood cell production or surgical removal of the spleen may be necessary.
Regular monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential to manage the complications associated with Felty syndrome, including infections, joint deformities, and organ damage.
