Feline Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (FIV) is a viral disease that primarily affects domestic cats and is characterized by a compromised immune system. FIV belongs to the retrovirus family, similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although it cannot infect humans.
FIV is primarily transmitted between cats through deep bite wounds typically inflicted during territorial or mating disputes. It can also be transmitted from an infected mother cat to her kittens during birth or through sharing contaminated grooming tools, such as combs or brushes. Although less common, FIV can also be transmitted through sexual contact or blood transfusions.
Once infected, the virus attacks and weakens the cat's immune system, making them more susceptible to various secondary infections, diseases, and even certain types of cancer. The initial phase of infection may not manifest any noticeable symptoms, and some cats may remain asymptomatic carriers for several years. However, as the disease progresses, affected cats may experience recurring illnesses, weight loss, diarrhea, dental issues, and respiratory problems.
While there is no cure for FIV, various supportive treatments can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for infected cats. Preventive measures, such as keeping infected cats separate from non-infected ones, sterilizing them to prevent subsequent spread, and regular veterinary check-ups, are crucial to minimizing transmission and maintaining the affected cat's health.
It is important to note that FIV presents a low risk to humans and other non-feline animals, and with proper care and management, infected cats can still lead fulfilling lives.
