Family Santalaceae is a botanical family of flowering plants consisting of approximately 40 genera and around 1500 species. The Family Santalaceae includes both hemiparasitic and non-parasitic plants that are commonly known as sandalwoods or mistletoes.
These plants are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe, with a few species found in temperate regions as well. They are typically found as epiphytes, growing on the branches of various host trees, but can also be found growing directly in soil.
The plants in Family Santalaceae are primarily known for their unique growth habits and ecological interactions. Hemiparasitic species of Santalaceae obtain water and nutrients from their host trees, while also photosynthesizing to produce their own energy. Their parasitic nature allows them to establish intimate connections with the host, often forming specialized structures called haustoria to extract resources.
Non-parasitic species in this family, on the other hand, are fully capable of carrying out photosynthesis and do not depend on other plants for their survival. Many of these plants have woody stems and may produce showy flowers and colorful fruits, attracting various pollinators and seed dispersers.
The Santalaceae family has significant economic and cultural importance. Various species are valued for their fragrant wood, which is used for making incense, perfumes, and woodworking. Additionally, some species have medicinal properties and are utilized in traditional medicine. The relationship between Santalaceae plants and their host trees also contributes to the ecological balance of their respective habitats.
