Coxsackie B viruses are a group of RNA viruses belonging to the Enterovirus genus, specifically the Coxsackievirus B species. These viruses are named after the town of Coxsackie in New York, where the first strain was isolated in the late 1940s.
Coxsackie B viruses are responsible for a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild respiratory infections to severe diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and pancreatitis. They are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often occurring in crowded places or areas with poor sanitation. They can also be transmitted through respiratory droplets, encounters with contaminated surfaces, or vertical transmission from an infected mother to her newborn.
These viruses primarily affect children, and outbreaks commonly occur in child care centers and schools. However, people of all ages can be susceptible to infection.
Symptoms of Coxsackie B virus infection typically include fever, sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, and a rash known as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In severe cases, viral invasion of the heart or pancreas can cause more serious symptoms, such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, and abdominal pain.
Diagnosis is usually done through laboratory tests that detect the presence of Coxsackie B virus RNA or antibodies produced against the virus in the blood, throat swabs, or cerebrospinal fluid.
Prevention of Coxsackie B virus infection involves maintaining proper hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for Coxsackie B viruses, and management mainly involves symptomatic relief and supportive care.
