Congenital hip dislocation, also known as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) or hip dysplasia, is a condition characterized by a deformity or misalignment of the hip joint that is present at birth. It is the result of an abnormal development of the hip joint during fetal growth.
In a normal hip joint, the ball-shaped end of the thighbone (femur) fits securely into the socket-shaped acetabulum of the pelvis. However, in congenital hip dislocation, the hip joint fails to develop properly, leading to instability or displacement of the femoral head from the acetabulum. This can result in a partially dislocated hip, where the femoral head is partially outside the socket, or a completely dislocated hip, where the femoral head is completely outside the socket.
The exact cause of congenital hip dislocation is not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified, including family history of the condition, breech position during pregnancy, and female gender. Newborns with this condition may show signs such as leg length discrepancy, limited range of motion in the leg, or a noticeable asymmetry in the folds of the skin around the buttocks and thighs.
Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent long-term complications and ensure proper hip joint development. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition but often involve the use of special devices, such as harnesses or braces, to stabilize the hip joint and promote correct alignment. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to reposition the femoral head and reconstruct the hip joint.
Regular follow-up with healthcare providers and ongoing monitoring throughout childhood are necessary to assess the progress of treatment and prevent further complications associated with congenital hip dislocation.
