Cancer of the adrenal cortex, also known as adrenocortical carcinoma, refers to a malignant tumor that develops in the outer layer, or cortex, of the adrenal glands. The adrenal cortex, located on top of each kidney, is responsible for producing hormones that are crucial for maintaining various bodily functions.
Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that typically affects adults, but can also occur in children. The exact cause of this cancer is largely unknown, although certain genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or Li-Fraumeni syndrome, may increase the risk of developing it.
Symptoms of cancer of the adrenal cortex may include abdominal pain or a mass in the abdomen, weight gain or loss, high blood pressure, excessive hair growth, or changes in the menstrual cycle for women. However, the presence of these symptoms does not necessarily indicate the presence of adrenocortical carcinoma, as they can also be associated with other conditions.
Diagnosis of cancer of the adrenal cortex often involves a combination of imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as blood tests to measure hormone levels. A biopsy, where a small sample of tissue is taken for analysis, may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options for cancer of the adrenal cortex may include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments. The choice of treatment depends on various factors, such as the stage and extent of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the individual.
Overall, cancer of the adrenal cortex is a rare form of cancer that originates in the outer layer of the adrenal glands. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for achieving the best possible outcome for affected individuals.
