BRANCHED DNA ASSAY Meaning and
Definition
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A branched DNA assay refers to a laboratory technique used to detect and quantify specific sequences of nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, within a biological sample. It is a sensitive and accurate method that can detect trace amounts of genetic material, making it an invaluable tool in medical diagnostics, research, and biotechnology.
The assay is based on the principle of amplification, where the target nucleic acid sequence is selectively amplified to increase its concentration in the sample. This is achieved through a series of enzymatic reactions, resulting in the generation of many copies of the target sequence. In the branched DNA assay, signal amplification is carried out using branched DNA molecules, designed to capture the target sequence.
The target sequence is first captured by a set of oligonucleotide probes that specifically bind to the sequence of interest. The captured DNA is then amplified by a series of enzymatic reactions, which leads to the generation of branched DNA molecules. These branched DNA molecules can be labeled with a detectable signal, such as a fluorescent dye or enzyme.
The signal can be measured and quantified using specialized instruments, allowing researchers to determine the abundance of the target sequence in the sample. The branched DNA assay offers high sensitivity and specificity, enabling the detection of extremely low levels of target nucleic acids. It is widely employed in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and as a research tool for gene expression analysis and genotyping.
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