Bird fancier's lung, also known as avian hypersensitivity pneumonitis, is a respiratory condition characterized by an immune response to bird antigens, leading to inflammation and damage to the lungs. This condition primarily affects individuals who frequently handle or are exposed to birds, especially pigeons, parrots, canaries, and chickens.
When a person with bird fancier's lung inhales bird droppings, feathers, or dust contaminated with bird proteins, their immune system reacts by producing antibodies to fight against these substances. This immune response triggers an inflammatory reaction in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and fever. If left untreated, bird fancier's lung can cause permanent scarring of lung tissue and impaired lung function.
Diagnosing bird fancier's lung usually involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, lung function tests, and blood tests to detect specific antibodies related to the condition. A chest X-ray or a computed tomography (CT) scan may also be performed to assess the extent of lung damage.
The main treatment for bird fancier's lung involves avoiding exposure to birds and bird-associated allergens. This may include staying away from bird-keeping areas, wearing protective clothing such as masks and gloves when handling birds, and taking steps to reduce bird dander and droppings in living environments. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms or control inflammation.
Overall, bird fancier's lung is a respiratory disease caused by an immune reaction to bird antigens, leading to lung inflammation and damage. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to prevent long-term complications.
