Ascaris visceralis et renalis, also known as Ascaris lumbricoides, is a large nematode (roundworm) that commonly inhabits the human intestine. This parasitic worm is one of the most prevalent helminth infections worldwide, particularly in developing countries with limited sanitation and poor hygiene practices.
The adult Ascaris lumbricoides worms can reach lengths of up to 35 centimeters and have a cylindrical-shaped body. They primarily dwell in the small intestine, where they absorb nutrients from the host's digested food. The female worm is capable of producing a substantial number of eggs, which are then excreted through the feces of the infected individual.
Transmission of Ascaris typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, as the eggs present in human feces can contaminate the environment. Upon ingestion, the eggs hatch in the small intestine, releasing larvae that migrate through the bloodstream and ultimately reach the lungs. From the lungs, the larvae ascend the respiratory tract and are then swallowed, completing their life cycle in the intestine.
Infections with Ascaris lumbricoides often produce only mild or asymptomatic symptoms. However, heavy infestations can lead to abdominal pain, weight loss, malnutrition, and obstruction of the intestine. Severe infections may cause complications if the worms migrate to other organs, such as the bile duct, appendix, liver, or pancreas, resulting in abdominal abscesses or inflammation.
Treatment for Ascaris infestation typically involves antihelminthic drugs, such as albendazole or mebendazole, which effectively eliminate the parasites. Additionally, prevention measures such as improving sanitation, promoting proper personal hygiene, and implementing deworming programs in affected communities are crucial
