AIDS Associated Nephropathies, also known as HIV-associated nephropathy or HIV-associated renal disease, refer to a collection of kidney-related disorders that occur in individuals who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
HIV targets the immune system, weakening it and making individuals more prone to infections and diseases. While the virus primarily affects the immune system, it can also impact other organs, including the kidneys. AIDS Associated Nephropathies are considered one of the most common renal complications observed in HIV-infected individuals.
There are several types of nephropathies associated with AIDS, with the most prominent being HIV-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and HIV-associated immune complex kidney disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is characterized by scarring and scarring of the kidney's filtering units called glomeruli, leading to proteinuria (the presence of excess protein in the urine) and eventually kidney failure. Immune complex kidney disease, on the other hand, involves the formation of immune complexes within the kidneys, leading to inflammation and damage to the kidney tissue.
The development of AIDS Associated Nephropathies is influenced by various factors, including viral load, immune system health, and genetic predisposition. The disease progression can vary from mild kidney dysfunction to severe renal failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Treatment for AIDS Associated Nephropathies typically involves a combination of antiretroviral therapy to suppress HIV replication, medications to manage blood pressure and reduce proteinuria, and sometimes, immunosuppressive drugs to control inflammation. Early detection and intervention are crucial to improving outcomes and preventing kidney damage in individuals with AIDS.
