Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a medical condition characterized by a sudden and severe disruption of normal lung function. It is a life-threatening condition that can occur as a result of various underlying factors, including infection, trauma, inhalation of harmful substances, or complications from other medical conditions or treatments.
ALI is marked by inflammation and damage to the delicate tissues of the lungs, leading to impaired oxygenation and ventilation. This impairment results in severe difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, and a decrease in blood oxygen levels. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, rapid shallow breathing, rapid heart rate, and low blood oxygen saturation.
The precise pathophysiology of ALI involves the disruption of the alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Inflammation and increased permeability of the lung capillaries cause fluid and protein to leak into the alveoli, leading to the formation of pulmonary edema. This fluid accumulation further impairs gas exchange, worsening oxygenation and ventilation.
Prompt medical intervention is crucial to prevent further deterioration and potential progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a more severe form of lung injury. Treatment strategies typically aim to address the underlying cause, provide supportive care, and ensure adequate oxygenation. This may involve mechanical ventilation, administration of medication to reduce inflammation, and, in severe cases, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to oxygenate the blood outside the body.
In summary, Acute Lung Injury is a life-threatening condition characterized by sudden and severe damage to lung tissues, resulting in impaired oxygenation and ventilation. Timely and appropriate medical intervention is essential to improve patient outcomes.
