Acoustic macula refers to a structure found in the inner ear, specifically within the vestibular system, responsible for the detection of sound and maintaining equilibrium. The acoustic macula, also known as the otolithic membrane, is located in the utricle and saccule, which are chambers of the vestibule.
The primary function of the acoustic macula is to detect changes in head position or movement, as well as provide the brain with information regarding gravity and linear acceleration. It contains specialized hair cells and supporting cells that are covered by a gelatinous layer, referred to as the otolithic membrane. This membrane contains tiny calcium carbonate crystals called otoliths, which are responsible for stimulating the hair cells when subjected to motion.
When a person moves, the otoliths move along with the gelatinous layer, thereby bending the hair cells and initiating a response. These hair cells then send nerve impulses to the brain, informing it about changes in head position or movement.
The information provided by the acoustic macula contributes to the maintenance of balance and coordination. It allows us to perceive our orientation and respond accordingly to various movements, such as walking, running, or changing directions. Dysfunction or damage to the acoustic macula can result in balance disorders, vertigo, dizziness, and problems with coordination.
