Realism is a philosophical and artistic movement that emphasizes the accurate representation of reality and the portrayal of life without idealization or exaggeration. It is a fundamental concept in various fields, including philosophy, literature, art, and social sciences.
In philosophy, realism refers to the belief that the external world exists independent of human perception and that knowledge about this world can be obtained through objective observation and rationality. Realists argue that reality consists of objective facts and properties, which can be studied using scientific methods and logical reasoning, rejecting supernatural or metaphysical explanations.
In literature and art, realism aims to depict life objectively and truthfully, often highlighting the ordinary and mundane aspects of human existence. Realist literature portrays social issues, human behavior, and the complexities of society. Artists often focus on accurate representation, paying attention to detail, and capturing the essence of people, places, and objects.
In social sciences, realism is a theory that posits that states and individuals act in their self-interest and are driven by power considerations. Realist scholars emphasize the role of power, geopolitics, and competition in international relations.
Overall, realism seeks to present reality in a straightforward and unembellished manner, focusing on the objective and observable aspects of life. It aims to offer an accurate reflection of the world, often challenging idealized or romanticized notions, and encouraging critical thinking and analysis.
