PROVIRUS Meaning and
Definition
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A provirus is a genetic element that is incorporated into the host genome of a living organism, typically a virus, but can also be a bacteriophage or any other mobile genetic element. It is a key characteristic of retroviruses, which are RNA viruses that replicate using a DNA intermediate. Upon infection, retroviruses convert their RNA genetic material into DNA through the action of the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
The resulting DNA molecule, called a provirus, becomes integrated into the genome of the host cell. Integration is facilitated by the viral enzyme integrase, which inserts the proviral DNA into a specific site of the host chromosome. Once incorporated, the provirus is replicated along with the host DNA during cell division. This allows the provirus to persist in the host genome for an extended period of time, often the lifetime of the infected individual.
Proviral DNA is able to direct the production of new virus particles by the host cell, usually after specific triggers or stimuli. However, it can also remain in a latent or dormant state, not actively producing viruses. This latency can be beneficial for some viruses as it allows them to evade immune detection and evade antiviral treatments.
In conclusion, a provirus is a segment of viral DNA that is integrated into the genome of a host cell, where it can persist and replicate either actively or in a dormant state.
Common Misspellings for PROVIRUS
- orovirus
- lrovirus
- 0rovirus
- pdovirus
- pfovirus
- ptovirus
- p5ovirus
- p4ovirus
- privirus
- prkvirus
- prlvirus
- prpvirus
- pr0virus
- pr9virus
- procirus
- probirus
- progirus
- profirus
- provurus
- provjrus
Etymology of PROVIRUS
The word "provirus" comes from two combining forms: "pro-" and "-virus".
1. "Pro-" is a prefix derived from Latin, meaning "before" or "in front of". It is often used to indicate something that is preliminary or prior to a particular state or condition.
2. "-Virus" is a suffix of Latin origin, which refers to an infectious agent or pathogen that cannot replicate without invading and infecting a living cell. It is used to denote a type of microorganism that can cause diseases.
Therefore, "provirus" combines these two components to form a term that refers to a virus in a latent state, integrated into the host's genetic material (DNA), and capable of replication but not actively producing viral particles unless activated.
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