Lentinan
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranose | |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Pregnancy cat. | ? |
| Legal status | ? |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 37339-90-5  |
| ATC code | L03AX01 |
| PubChem | CID 37723 |
| KEGG | D01695 |
| Synonyms | (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-4-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C42H72O36 |
| Mol. mass | 1152.99948 g/mol |
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Lentinan is an intravenous anti-tumor polysaccharide isolated from the fruit body of shiitake (Lentinula edodes). Lentinan has been approved as an adjuvant for stomach cancer in Japan since 1985.[1] Lentinan is one of the host-mediated anti-cancer drugs which has been shown to affect host defense immune systems.
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Chemistry
Lentinan is a β-1,3 beta-glucan with β-1,6 branching. Molecular weight of lentinan is 500,000 Da. Specific rotation +14-22° (NaOH).
Research
Lentinex is a formulation featuring lentinan and is approved for use in the EU. An in vitro experiment showed lentinan stimulated production of white blood cells in the human cell line U937.[1] A pharmacological blend (MC-S) of lentinan, PSK, Ganoderma lucidum and Astragalus propinquus has also been shown to stimulate white blood cell production in vitro. [2]
An in vivo experiment on mice, revealed lentinan is orally active (since clinical use of the drug is administered through an IV).[3]
Limited clinical studies of cancer patients have associated lentinan with a higher survival rate, higher quality of life, and lower re-occurrence of cancer.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
See also
Notes
- ^ Sia GM, Candlish JK. (Mar 1999). "Effects of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on human neutrophils and the U937 monocytic cell line.". Phytother Res. 13 (2): 133–7. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199903)13:2<133::AID-PTR398>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10190187
- ^ Clark D, Adams M. (2007). "Using commercial nutraceutical mixes as immune stimulants: an in vitro proliferation study using Metabolic Cell-Support on non-stimulated human lymphocytes.". Austr. J. Med. Herbal. 19: 108–111
- ^ Ng ML, Yap AT. (Oct 2002). "Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes).". J Altern Complement Med. (National University of Singapore) 8 (5): 581–9. doi:10.1089/107555302320825093. PMID 12470439
- ^ Yang P, Liang M, Zhang Y, Shen B. (Aug 2008). "Clinical application of a combination therapy of lentinan, multi-electrode RFA and TACE in HCC.". Adv Ther. 25 (8): 787–94. doi:10.1007/s12325-008-0079-x. PMID 18670743
- ^ Nimura H, Mitsumori N, Takahashi N, (Jun 2006). "[S-1 combined with lentinan in patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer]". Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. 33 (1): 106–9. PMID 16897983
- ^ Nakano H, Namatame K, Nemoto H, Motohashi H, Nishiyama K, Kumada K. (1999). "A multi-institutional prospective study of lentinan in advanced gastric cancer patients with unresectable and recurrent diseases: effect on prolongation of survival and improvement of quality of life. Kanagawa Lentinan Research Group.". Hepatogastroenterology. 46 (28): 2662–8. PMID 10522061
- ^ Oba K, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J (July 2009). "Individual Patient Based Meta-analysis of Lentinan for Unresectable/Recurrent Gastric Cancer". Anticancer Res. 29 (7): 2739–45. PMID 19596954.
- ^ Hazama S, Watanabe S, Ohashi M, et al. (July 2009). "Efficacy of Orally Administered Superfine Dispersed Lentinan ({beta}-1,3-Glucan) for the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer". Anticancer Res. 29 (7): 2611–7. PMID 19596936.
- ^ Kataoka H, Shimura T, Mizoshita T, et al. (2009). "Lentinan with S-1 and paclitaxel for gastric cancer chemotherapy improve patient quality of life". Hepatogastroenterology 56 (90): 547–50. PMID 19579640.
- ^ Isoda N, Eguchi Y, Nukaya H, et al. (2009). "Clinical efficacy of superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatogastroenterology 56 (90): 437–41. PMID 19579616.
- ^ Shimizu K, Watanabe S, Watanabe S, et al. (2009). "Efficacy of oral administered superfine dispersed lentinan for advanced pancreatic cancer". Hepatogastroenterology 56 (89): 240–4. PMID 19453066.
References
- Chihara, G. et al. ”Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (an edible mushroom)”, Cancer Research (1970),30(11):2776-2781.
- Ina, K. et al. “Lentinan prolonged survival in patients with gastric cancer receiving S-1-based chemotherapy”, World Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011),2(10):339-343.
External links
- Lentinan effects (antitumor and others)
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's page for Lentinan.
- About Shiitake (by Solomon P. Wasser, 2005)
- Smith JE, Rowan NJ, Sullivan R Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Therapeutic Properties and Current Medical Usage with Special Emphasis on Cancer Treatments Cancer Research UK, 2001
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