D

ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

Cursive script 'd' and capital 'D'

D (named dee /ˈdiː/^[1]) is the fourth letter in the basic modern Latin alphabet. Symbol "D" is 500 in Roman numerals.

History

Egyptian hieroglyph  door	Phoenician daleth	Greek Delta	Etruscan  D	Roman D

The Semitic letter Dâlet may have developed from the logogram for a fish or a door. There are various Egyptian hieroglyphs that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek and Latin, the letter represented /d/; in the Etruscan alphabet the letter was superfluous but still retained (see letter B). The equivalent Greek letter is Delta, 'Δ'.^{[citation needed]}

The minuscule (lower-case) form of 'd' consists of a loop and a tall vertical stroke. It developed by gradual variations on the majuscule (capital) form. In handwriting, it was common to start the arc to the left of the vertical stroke, resulting in a serif at the top of the arc. This serif was extended while the rest of the letter was reduced, resulting in an angled stroke and loop. The angled stroke slowly developed into a vertical stroke.

Usage

The letter D, standing for "Deutschland", i.e. Germany in German, on a boundary stone at the border between Austria and Germany.

In nearly all languages that use the Latin alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet 'd' represents the voiced alveolar or voiced dental plosive /d/, but in the Vietnamese alphabet, it represents the sound /z/ (or /j/ in southern dialects). In Fijian it represents a prenasalized stop /nd/.^[2] In some languages where voiceless unaspirated stops contrast with voiceless aspirated stops, 'd' represents an unaspirated /t/, while 't' represents an aspirated /tʰ/. Examples of such languages include Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic, Navajo, Estonian and the Pinyin transliteration of Mandarin.

Related letters and other similar characters

• Đ đ : Latin letter D with stroke
• Ɗ ɗ : Latin letter D with hook
• Ð ð : Latin letter Eth
• Δ δ : Greek letter Delta
• Д д : Cyrillic letter De
• ∂ : the partial derivative symbol,

Computing codes

¹ Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

NATO phonetic	Morse code
Delta	–··

Signal flag	Flag semaphore	Braille

In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'd' is indicated by signing with the right hand held with the index and thumb extended and slightly curved, and the tip of the thumb and finger held against the extended index of the left hand.

References

External links

• Media related to D at Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition of D at Wiktionary
• The dictionary definition of d at Wiktionary