CEREBELLUM Meaning and
Definition
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The cerebellum is a crucial part of the human brain located at the posterior region of the head, below the cerebrum and behind the brainstem. It is a convoluted structure primarily responsible for regulating motor movements, balance, and posture. It is often referred to as the "little brain" due to its appearance, and it contributes to the coordination and refinement of voluntary movements.
Anatomically, the cerebellum consists of two hemispheres connected by the vermis, a central structure. The cerebellar cortex is composed of highly folded layers of neurons, known as Purkinje cells, which receive inputs from various parts of the brain, spinal cord, and sensory organs. These inputs provide information regarding body position, muscle tone, joint movement, and the desired movement itself. The cerebellum then processes this information and sends outputs to the motor cortex, which influences motor coordination and execution.
Moreover, the cerebellum plays a vital role in motor learning and adaptation. It is involved in procedural memory, allowing the acquisition and retention of movement skills. Dysfunction or damage to the cerebellum can result in severe issues such as ataxia (loss of coordination), tremors, and difficulties with balance, as well as problems in motor tasks that require precision and timing. These issues can be caused by various conditions, including stroke, trauma, infections, genetic disorders, or prolonged alcohol abuse.
In conclusion, the cerebellum is an integral structure within the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, regulating balance and posture, and facilitating motor learning and adaptation.
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The posterior brain mass, lying behind the pons and medulla and beneath the posterior portion of the cerebrum; it consists of two lateral hemispheres united by a narrow middle portion, the vermis.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
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The hinder or lower part of the brain.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
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Etymology of CEREBELLUM
The word "cerebellum" is derived from Latin and can be broken down into two parts: "cerebell" and "-um".
The Latin word "cerebellum" itself is a diminutive form of "cerebrum", which means "brain". The diminutive suffix "-ellum" indicates a smaller or lesser version of the original term, hence "cerebellum" can be translated as a "little brain" or "small brain".
Therefore, the etymology of the word "cerebellum" suggests its association with being a smaller component of the brain compared to the larger cerebral hemisphere.
Similar spelling word for CEREBELLUM
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