Calvinism is a theological system of beliefs and doctrines that originated with John Calvin (1509-1564), a prominent French Protestant theologian during the Reformation period. It is considered one of the major branches of Protestant Christianity and a form of Reformed theology.
Calvinism encompasses a comprehensive body of doctrines that center around the sovereignty of God, emphasizing predestination, or the idea that God has already determined the eternal destiny of every individual. This doctrine is a key aspect of Calvinism and is often referred to as "the doctrine of election." Calvinists believe that God has chosen certain individuals for salvation and eternal life, based solely on His will and not on any merit or personal choice of the individual.
Another fundamental tenet of Calvinism is the concept of total depravity, which affirms that every human being is born sinful and unable to attain salvation by their own efforts. According to Calvinism, individuals can only be saved through God's grace, which is bestowed upon those chosen for salvation.
Calvinism also emphasizes the authority of Scripture, asserting the Bible as the ultimate and infallible source of God's revealed truth. It promotes the belief in the sovereignty and transcendence of God, teaching that He is in control of all things, including human history and salvation.
Throughout history, Calvinism has had a significant influence on various Christian denominations, including Reformed churches, Presbyterianism, and Puritanism. Its impact extends beyond theology and has affected social, political, and economic aspects of society in different countries.
In summary, Calvinism is a theological system that emphasizes the sovereignty of God, predestination, total depravity, grace, and the authority of Scripture, and it has played a prominent role in shaping Protestant Christianity.
